What are the different types of 5G deployment scenarios (e.g., standalone, non-standalone), and what are the differences between them?

Home > Interview Questions > What are the different types of 5G deployment scenarios (e.g., standalone, non-standalone), and what are the differences between them?

What are the different types of 5G deployment scenarios (e.g., standalone, non-standalone), and what are the differences between them?

In 5G, there are primarily two deployment scenarios: standalone (SA) and non-standalone (NSA). Let's explore each scenario and the key differences between them:

Non-Standalone (NSA):

Non-standalone (NSA) mode is a hybrid network that uses both 5G NR and 4G LTE technologies. This means that NSA networks can offer some of the benefits of 5G, such as increased speed and capacity, but they are not able to offer the full range of 5G features, such as ultra-low latency. NSA networks are easier to deploy and manage than SA networks, which makes them a good option for early deployments.

• In the NSA deployment, 5G networks are built on top of existing 4G LTE infrastructure. The control plane remains with the 4G LTE core network, while the 5G radio access network (RAN) is introduced to enhance data rates and capacity.
• NSA allows for faster deployment of 5G by leveraging the existing 4G infrastructure. It provides initial 5G capabilities while utilizing the existing core network functionality of 4G.
• The user equipment (UE) connects to both the 4G LTE and 5G networks simultaneously. 4G is responsible for handling signaling and control functions, while data-intensive tasks are offloaded to the 5G network.
• NSA offers improved data rates and reduced latency compared to 4G, but it does not fully utilize the advanced features and capabilities of a standalone 5G network.

Standalone (SA):

Standalone (SA) mode is a fully independent 5G network that does not rely on any other network technology, such as 4G LTE. This means that SA networks can offer all the benefits of 5G, such as increased speed, capacity, and latency. However, SA networks are more complex to deploy and manage than non-standalone networks.

• In the SA deployment, 5G operates independently of the existing 4G infrastructure. It has its own core network and does not rely on 4G for control functions.
• SA enables the full potential of 5G with enhanced capabilities such as ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and network slicing. It allows for the implementation of advanced use cases and services that require native 5G functionalities.
• The entire network architecture, including the core network and RAN, is designed specifically for 5G. This provides more control and flexibility in managing network resources and delivering optimized performance.
• SA supports end-to-end 5G connectivity without the need for a 4G anchor. The UE connects directly to the 5G core network, enabling access to all the features and benefits of standalone 5G.

Key Differences:

• Control Plane: In NSA, the control plane remains with the 4G LTE core network, while in SA, 5G has its own standalone core network.
• Network Architecture: NSA builds on top of the existing 4G infrastructure, while SA is designed as a standalone 5G network.
• Features and Capabilities: SA offers the full range of 5G features and capabilities, including low latency, network slicing, and massive connectivity, whereas NSA provides initial 5G enhancements while utilizing the core network of 4G.
• Deployment Timeframe: NSA allows for faster deployment as it leverages existing 4G infrastructure, while SA requires the implementation of a dedicated 5G core network, which may take longer.

It's important to note that both deployment scenarios have their advantages and serve different purposes. NSA provides a transition path to 5G, leveraging existing infrastructure, while SA offers the full suite of 5G capabilities for advanced use cases. The choice of deployment scenario depends on the specific requirements and goals of the network operator.

In addition to standalone and non-standalone modes, there are also a number of other 5G deployment scenarios, such as:

• Homogeneous deployment: In this scenario, all 5G base stations use the same frequency band. This type of deployment is ideal for areas with high demand for 5G connectivity, such as stadiums and concert venues.
• Heterogeneous deployment: In this scenario, 5G base stations use a variety of frequency bands. This type of deployment is ideal for areas with a wide range of 5G use cases, such as urban areas and rural areas.
• Private deployment: In this scenario, a company or organization builds and operates its own 5G network. This type of deployment is ideal for companies that need to meet specific 5G requirements, such as low latency or high security.

The best deployment scenario for a particular network will depend on a number of factors, such as the size and complexity of the network, the needs of the users, and the available spectrum.